Internal-combustion engine.



l. W. TYGARD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. v

APPLlCATlON HLED NOV. 5, 1912 Patented June 5,1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

l. W. TYGARD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 5,1912.

1 1 72a Patented Junefi, 1917.

5 SHEETS5-S'HEET 2.

- v WITNESSES:

J.. W. TYGARD. INTERNAL GOMBUS'TION'ENGINE.

APPLlCATION FILED NOV-5,1912.

Patented June 5, 1917.

5 SHEETSSHEET 3 NESSES:

J. w. TYGARD. I INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICAT|0N FILED NOV- 5,1912. v Patented J llIlQ; 5, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4f 7 INVE N TOR J. w. TYGARD. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLHIATION FILED NOV. 5 1912. 1,229,172.- Patented June 5,1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

WITNESSES;

JAMES WALLACE TYGARD, 0F PLAI TN FIELD, NEW JERSEY.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. I

Application filed November 5, 1912. Serial No. 129,576.

7 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JAMES WALLACE TY- esun, a citizen of the United States, resid at 920 South avenue, in the J city of Plainficld, county of Union; and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Internal-Combustion Engine, of which the following specification, together with the anner d drawings, is such a description as will enable its construction to be clearly and rstood by those skilled in the art.

The objects of this my invention are: First. In an internal combustion engine;

and particularly the type of internal combus on engine described in my application for United StatesLetters Patent filed .J anuary rcnty-eighth, 1903,'Serial No. 140,903; to secure complete expansion of the combustible charge which is not possible in that outhe ordinary type of four cycle engine.

Second. To secure greater economy in the fuel used in internal combustion engines by utilizing the terminal pressure, usually exhausted into the atmosphere, in driving the engine.

Third. To lessen vibration and secure better balance, retaining in a single cylinder the four cycle action and two cycle explosion effect or one power stroke every revolution of the engine.

l ourth. To produce an absolutely silent running engine both in its valve action and without any necessity of muiiling its exhaust.

Fifth. To reduce the weight of internal combustion engines using oil, gas or gasolcuc as fuel by decreasing weight of fly w wheel usually necessary when power strokes intervene with pump compression and exhaust strokes.

Sixth. To establish in an oil or gas engine stem of ignition independent of the electrical method usually employed.

Seventh. To greatly reduce the amount of cooling water used in an oil or gas engine to keep the moving surfaces at such temperature that theycan be lubricated by sepai'ating the pump and compression spaces from the expansion and exhaust spaces in such manner as to allow either space to be separately cooled.

Eighth. To absolutely prevent pro-ignition or back kick by preventing the contact of the compressed charge with the means pf igniting the same until the commencemcnt of the stroke has been reached.

Ninth. To so arrange the cylinders of a divided-action oil or gas engine as to. permit their power strokes to overlap and practically produce the power or constant torque effect of a six or eight. cylinder single acting engine.

Tenth. To reduce the speed of a rotary Patented June 5, 1917 valve-in an engine in such manner as to pro- 1 long its life and allow it greater time to cool. Eleventh. To simplify .the number" of parts and obviate the use of secondary or cam shafts in internal combustion engines. Twelfth: To greatly reduce the cost of manufacture by simplifying the form of cylinder and other parts entering into the construction of such engines.

Thirteenth. To secure greater air COOhHg effect in an oil or gas engine by inclosing its cylinder in a casing arid allowing its movement to produce. a pump-like'efiect by moved and renewed by cooler air.

Fourteenth. To more thoroughly vaporize the charge entering an engine by. causing it to impinge upon a heated cylinder head surface after its compression insteayi of prior, as usually done, therebyincreasipg th'e' total' weight of the fuel charge entering tliii en gine. v p i Fifteenth. To construct an internal combustion engine in such manner that its unignited compressed charges shall feed a stream of: combustible mixture 'to supply a flame ignition to the said charges.

Sixteenth. To secure a combination of the flame and electrical methods of ignition in internal combustion engines.

Seventeenth. To so arrange the parts of an internal combustion'engine that certain surfaces may attain and maintain incandescence without detriment to the engine thereby securing ignition from-contact of the combustible charge with the heated surface.

Eighteenth. To securea method of trans ferring compressed combustible charges in an internal combustion engine in such manner that the revolving transfer chamber may be efficiently cooled.

Nineteenth. To produce an engine adapted to use as fuel an explosive mixture of coal dust and air.

I obtain these the objects ofmy inven tion by means of mechanism illustrated and which which the heated air is continuously re- I Figure 1 is a longitudinal section View of my divided-action complete expansion engine, as preferably arranged to secure explosion balance.

Fig. 2 is a transverse Section of the val-ve,

showing method of water cooling.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the engine. Fig. 4 is a view of the rotary transfer valve and its driving gear removed.

Fig. 5 is a view of the tvv'o-diameter cyl inder removed, showing bolts connecting its heads to form an integral structure.

- Fig. 6 is a view of the incandescent igniting surface.

Fig. 7 is a cycle diagram of my divided action complete expansion oil and gas engine showing sequence of operations'in the teferring to the drawings by letters; (A)

designates a divided action recessed piston of differing dianieters'rlgidly supported;

on (A) is secured in placeby a pair of lemons (C C) which form the seat or (D), are integral with the piston, and project from its sides at diametrically opposite points and enter openings in the frame (B).

Inclosing this piston and working back and forth upon it and upon suitable slides (E) in the engine frame is a cylinder (F) with longitudinal slots (G) through which pass the stationary trunnions and valve seat (C) connecting the piston and the engine frame.

This cylinder, closed at both ends by suitable heads (H H), is shown in Fig. 1 as formed of two parts of differing diameter bolted together and moving upon and with in the piston as asingle structure.

A suitable pitman-(I) connects the moving cylinder with the -counterbalanced flywheel (J) and in the preferred type to S84 cure explosion balance and power overlap shown in Fig. 1, the pitmen of twin engines are both connected to the crank pin (K), which connects the flywheels, forming the crank shaft (L). These pitmen are pivotally connected ti. the cylinder structure by the wrist pins (M M) passing through the cylinder head crossheads (N N).

A tubular valve D of the preferred conica] shape, shown in U. S. Letters Patent granted to J. \V. and I. L. Tygard dated February 7th, 1899, No. (319.004. on rotary internal combustion engines, and in my aping ports thin the frame (B). This recessed fixed bearing for the receiving and transfer valve plication 101' U. S. Letters Patent on double-action piston and valve lilcd Jan. 2S, 1903, Serial No. 140903; and also in my al lowed application for U. S. Letters Patent on rotary engine, pump or compressor filed March 8th, 1901, Serial No. 50382; is mounted to rotate in a transverse similarly shaped passage (0 0) extending through the supporting t'runnions (C C) and recessed pistons (A A). This valve is adapted to be rotated .by suitable chain gearing (P I). driven from shaft (L) of the engine at a speed of one quarter the number of revolutions of the shaft.

This hollow valve (D D) is provided-with longitudinal partitions (Q, Q Q Q.) and closed ends adapted to form four separate chambers or passages within the valve. A Two openings or ports (R B) through the side of this valve into each of its four chambers communicate alternately as the valve is revolved with suitable correspond- (R -R connecting the valve seat (C G) with the respective recesses (SS) in the piston.

In oil engines of the Diesel type, embodying this systemof divided-action and complete expansion, the receiving valve itself may be internally water-cooled and the pars sage for this water is shown between the partition and outer shell inFig. 2, at (T).

The port openings for suitable inlet and.

outlet water connections are shown in Fig. 4, at (U-lJ).

In Fig. 4, the rotary transfer valve (D) is shown with its end broken to show, in,

connection with the receiving and water discharge ports ("U-J1), its interior watercooling a1 rangement for maintaining the temperature of the valve and its interior receiving compartments at such temperature as will not afl cct its proper lubrication.

The valve ports (1%. B") preferably placed at its large end are so proportioned in regard to the ports (R R) which co-act with piston. ports (R It) as to require but half the time to open and close as compared with the ports opening communication with the piston recesses (.S-S).

A suitable chain or other gear wheel (P) drives the valve through the medium of a pin preferably formed of copper or soft metal, passing through its hub and the valve shank thus forming a safety driving device which upon failure of the lubrication or other causes will shear off and stop the revolution of the valve without damage to its seat. The driving gear (P may rotate upon a suitable ball-healing (i) placed upon the valve seat ((3) so as to prevent side thrust upon the valve hearing.

The half-time valve ports (R It) co-act during the valves rotation with suitable ports (R and (Ff) in the trunnion or valve seat (0) which lead respectively to Cal eeann/2 the engines fuel supply andexhaust passage. I i

Opening into the port (R connectlngthe larger piston recess W]l3l1 the valve seat (U) is'an ignition cavity (1%) from which leads a suitable passage or pipe (R with such suitably spaced openings into the valveseat to permit a continuous flOWfll' pas Sage of a minute portion of the con'ibustible mixtures, compressed into the receiving chambers of the valve, into this ignition cavity.

This ignition. and v with certain forms of fuel be fitted to receive anysuitahle form ofelectrical device usually employed to secure ignition in internal combustion engines.

In oil engines of the Diesel type introducing the oil fuel. under superior com pression at the moment of ignition. this cavity may be connected with the oil supply under such superior pressure (obtained by pump or other suitahlemeans) as will by means of the four suitably timed ports Nos.

(1717) in the valves surface, asshown in Figs. #land 9. allow the projection and con-' e. uent vaporization and ignition of the measured it'uel charge into the heated air at the commencement of each power stroke.

I When electrical ignition is employed the preferable form. is modification. of the rotary igniter illustrated and described in my application 'for United States Letters Patent on rotary engine pump or compressor al iove recited. This modification shown in detail in Fig. 8, in which (1) is a cylindrical barrel threaded into the i goiter cavity (R in the piston.

lators (22) is a chambered tube carrying the movable electrode arranged to Y real-Le and break electrical contact with the stationary electrode preferably formed of a ring of suitable non-corrodihlc metal brazed to the barrel (1). A suitabie. hall check valve (Fills located in a. valve seat (1) formed in the central part ofthc'chanihered tube (3) to prevent escape of ti 1. ch the chamber d tube.

Mounted. in the outer end of the chanr hered "tubeis a springactuated plunger or striking; rod carrying its outer end a s jiiral notched (rain (9) and a crossbar 10 to Wi'iich one Wife of the electrical conuections is attached.

lily means of a suitable vii-acting cam i}; through which the striking rod 'ZKISQES, rotated by means of gear 12 rotating with the gear P and driving the in-I sulated gear (123) turning upon a" bearing formed on the outer end of the chambered tube, at four times the speed of the receiving; and transfer valve (D); this cam (5)) is caused to rise gradually and as its'projections meet the interrupted portion it will cause igniter cavity (B?) may Electrically insulated from this barrel by suitable 1nsui (8) under presstrike the hall the cam and hammer rod sure of the spring (13) to check valve ((3) knocking it from its seat and causing it to strike the electrode and lirealc its contact producing a suitable igniting spark.

A spring causes this electrode to make electrical contact While the action of the cams is retracting the hammer rod (8) 'Whichis prevented from rotating by the adjustable stop 14 carriedby the revoluhle Washer or plate (15).

Thus the valves rotation can be arranged to revolve the notched spiral cam (11) so as to causean igniting spark to occur at such suitable time in the igniting cavity as will ignite the compressed combustible charges as they are successively presented by the transfer valve (D). A suitable electrical current may be employed to-produce thespark, the ground \vireheing shown. at. (16

The recesses in the divided acting fixed piston are constructed of such differing proportionate cubic capacity as will allow such displacement by the cylinder heads enteringthe sameg that; with a certain kind of fuel, the combustible mixture drawn into smaller piston chamber or recess will; after its compression into the valve and transfer to the larger-or ignition and exhaust chamher in the piston after its ignition; be com uletel ex anded durin the Workin stroke y r: 2::

thus obviating the necessity for mufliing the and closes during this suction or pump stroke. The succeeding or compression stroke forces the entire 001 pressed charge into one of the four receiving chambers in the interior of the valve Where it is imprisoned by the closing of the port the end of the com pressi on stroke.

The valves rotation progressively and successively presents these compressions to the port (R in the larger or expansion and As the inlet port ICL:

exhaust recessed end of the piston'atsuch time in the stroke of the cyl nder that-the" cylinder hea dis ahout coinmencing its -Withdrawal from the piston recess.

At this point ignition of the compressed charge conunencing to issue from the opening port is effected by either of the methods I shown:

The continuouslyburning flame fed .by the small by-pass (R The electrical spark from the rotary igniter, (l),

The injection of oil into the heated compression (as in the Diesel type), or

The surface of the. cylinder head (19) heated to incandescence as described in my the igniting cavity (R located in this portand afterward as they are successively ignited expand and burn driving the engine until their pressure is reduced to that of the atmosphere into which they are expellethduring the exhaust stroke.

1 have thus produced a new type of di-' vided action oil and gas engine; which while using the founcycle principle of a full stroke for each of the four parts' of the cycle; suction, compression, work andeithaust; yet obtains in a single cylinder the two-cycle efl'ect of a power stroke every revolution of the engine shaft as will be seen in Fig. 7.

The preferable; construct-ion to obtain the ninth object of my invention is shown in section in Fig. 1 in which two divided-acting engines are coupled to the power wheels and shaft by the connecting rods (I I) both mounted upon thecrank pin (K).

The-cycle diagram Fig. 7 quence of operation giving an overlap of one quarter revolution of the power strokes and an idle quarter revolution in which no power is developed during each revolution of the engine shaft.

Annular spaces around the recesses and valve seats in the fixed pistons for the circulation of the cooling medium are indicated. in Fig. 1 at ('20).

Both explosion and mechanical balance may be thus obtained. i In Fig. lithe bolts connecting the upper and lower portions of the cylinder structure are indicated at 33. v

, While I have described the application of my divided-action fixed piston type of engine used to secure complete expansion in internal combustion engines using gas, oil, gasolene, distillate, alcohol, etc., as fuel;

its peculiar construction; separating as it doesthe pump and conii'iression chambers from the expansion and exhaust chambers,

shows the ser permitting a temperature approaching in" candescenee to be maintained in'the expansion chamber; makes possible the use in an internal combustion engine of fuels of a type not hitherto possible to utilize in a.

gas engine.

Ordinary coal finely ground and powdered when mixed with sufficient oxygen to properly support combustion and introduced into the engine spaces after other suitable oil or gaseous fuel has raised the temperature in the expansion chamber to a suitable point, niay'be successfully used as a fuel for the production of power.

Such modification of my engine as will. adapt it to use a. mixture of coal dust and air is shown in Figs. 1 and 3 in which a carbon or other suitable fire-proof lining is placed upon the cylinder head surface.

entering the expansion recess of the fixed. piston. This carbon lining (l9) attains and maintains the heat of incandescence and performs the functions of an igniter to the compressed charges of coal dust and air as they are delivered from the chambered rotating valve. This type of ignition surface is also eiiieient with certain types of low grade oil fuel. 1

The fire pot or coinbustion'spaee in the engine is located inside the piston, while the rubbing or sliding outside surface of the piston, packed with the usual type of sprung rings (21) permits the reciprocation of the cylinder tube and its proper lubrication, the cooling water circulating in the annular, spaces in the pistonwallsfBO), and preventing its outer surface from becomin', unduly heated.

.It will be apparent that a slight modification of this type of two-diaiiieter fixed piston, moving cylinder and rotary valve en gine structure; may, when driven by suitable applied power,'form an efficient twostage air compressor; the air being pumped into the larger piston recess, compressed into a receiving chamber in the valve and by it be transferred into the smaller piston recess to be further compressed and discharged into a. suitable receiver.

A modification of the cai'l'iureting device to'produce an explosive combustible mixture from coal dust or other powdered carbonaccous fuels as used in my improved complete expansion divided-action engine is shown in fuel, in such quantity and at such time as corrugated surface (27 adapted to co-act with suitable fixed corrugations within the chamber during its rotation by a gear (24) meshing int'o'a gear on the engine shaft, and

reduce the fuel to an impalpablefineness; ;a suitable regulating valve (25) permits an accurate adjustment of the air entering the carbureter during the suction stroke, its

course'through the fuel beingshown by the arrows; the explosive combustible 'mixture (29) thus produced enters the engine through the pipes (30).

As the admixture of thefuel particles and sufficient oxygen for theircomplete combustion'is effected during the reduction of the the engine consumes them, its slow precipitically stable v 0 tation as apowder is prevented and a pracexplosive combustible mixture obtained.

What Iclaim and desire to secure by Let ters Patent is:

1. In an internalcombustion engine the combinationof a two faced fixed piston with recessed ends of different cubical content capacity; a cylinder with heads adapted to enter the piston recesses, and slidable upon said fixed piston and guides in the frame;

I a, power Wheel and shaft connected to the the piston; means for operating the valve.

cylinder; a frame carrying the shaft and the fixed piston; a chambered valve within 2.'An' internal combustion engine com prising a frame; a cylinder; a piston with recessed ends forming respectively a pump --s'pace and an expansion space fixed in the frame; "a-combined cross-head and cylinderc head attached to a cylinder connecting it to a power wheel and shaft a' power wheel and shaft mounted-in the frame; a rotary inlet and outlet receiving and transfer valve 7 v transversely located in said fixed piston, and

means for rotating the valve to cause it to admit the combustible fuel charge into the .versely," from its sides, and with recessed ends and ports leading from the recessed ends into the trunnion valve seat; a ported, I

, pump space-within the piston and to receive it'after compression and transfer it to the expansion space at the'opposite end of the pis;

ton an igniter adapted to ignite the combustible as it is deliveredfrom the valve.

3." The combination in an internal combustion engine of an engine frame; a" two facedgpiston held fixedly in the frame a valve seat or trunnion extending transchambered valve located in the trunnion valve seat; a cylinder with slotted sides adapted to allow its reciprocation upon and within the fixed. piston; cylinder heads adapted to close the cylinder ends-and form a connection by which it is caused to travel upon the fixed piston; a power-wheel and shaft carried by the frame and adapted to be rotated by the movement of the cylinder;

means for rotating the valve. in such manner that the cycle of action usually occurring in an internal combustion engine is so divided that suction and compression of the charge is performed in one end of the cylinder and ignition, expansion and exhaust in the other end.

- Q4. An oil engine comprising a frame; a

power-Wheel, pitman and shaft carried by; the frame; a cylinder structure with closed ends and slotted sides, a pitman connecting one of its ends to the power wheel; a piston with recessed ends of differing capacity, held stationary in the frame and within the cylinder transverse lugs or trunnions ex tending from its sides through the cylinder slots into the frame, ports leading from its recessed ends into a valve seat located in the trunnion; ports in the trunnion for the fuel inlet and exhaust outlet and cooling medium; a valve located in the valve seat and driven from the shaft; chambers or recesses in the valve, ports through the valve into the chambersadapted to co-act with thepiston ports, and with fuel and exhaust ports in the valve seat, an ignition cavity located in one of the piston ports; adapted to re celve the fuel under pressure through ports registering with ports in the valve and passages leading to the fuel supply 'whereby charges compressed into the valves receiv- 1ng chambers IILODQ piston end recess are a transferred into the opposite piston end recess, and successively ignited and expanded asthe measured fuel supply is projected into the heated compressions.

' 5. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a frame; afixed'piston with- 1n the frame; acompound cylinder structure movable on and co=acting with the piston; a power shaft and wheel connected to the cylinder and actuated by it; rotatable valve located 'witliin the piston and actuated from the shaft in such manner to conduct the fuel supply lnto one of the cylinder I spaces and transfer it after compression into the other and oppositecyhnder space and a means whereby the transferred fuel chargeis ignited,

6; A complete expansion dlvided-actlon fuel burning engine comprising a frame substantially V-shaped in vertical cross-section ;v

a divided-action compound piston structure stationarily mounted in the frame; provided,

with recessed ends and supporting lugs ortrunnions extending transversely from its sides forininga valve seat; annular spaces between the inner and outer piston walls and passages for the inlet and outlet or the cool mg medium to the annular spaces; ports leading from the recessed piston ends into the valve seat and from the valve seat to the fuel supply and exhaust outlet; an ignition cavity in one of the piston ports adapted to receive an igniter; a passage in the piston leading from the valve seat to the ignition cavity; groovesadapted to receive packing rings on the pistons; a compound cylinder structure embracing and entering the piston and slidable upon it; introverted cyl inder heads closing its ends adapted to enter the piston recesses alternately as the cylinder is rcciprocated, a connecting rod pivotally attached to one of the cylinder heads, a power-wheel and shaft carried by the frame; connecting bolts joining the cylinder section to the compound cylinder head crosshcad; a valve located in the valve seat in the fixed piston; a chain gear actuated from the shaft and adapted to rotate the valve separating the compression and expansion re-' ccsscs in the piston; partitions in the valve dividing it into separate compartments. internal and annular spaces inside the valve body separate from its compartments; ports or passages leading from this, internal spaces and co-acting with ports in the valve scat through which circulation of a cooling medium through the interior of the valve may be effected; means by which the valve s" rotation may actuate an igniter and cause valve ports to register with those in the piston and valve seat; a inake-and-break ignitcr, whereby the cycle of suction and Coniprcssion is effected in one piston recess, while ignition, expansion and exhaust are simultaneously effected inthe opposite'piston recess.

7. A coal-dust burning engine structure con'iprising a frame carrying a. power shaft' and wheel; a compound, two-faced, recesscndcd, ring packed, water cooled fixed piston mounted in the frame, a trunnion valve seat extending transversely through and across the piston and scparating the pump recess from the combustionnccess; ports in the )is-- ton and through the valve seat and from the rcccsscs to said scat forming the coal dust and air fuel inlet in the pump recess and the cxhaustoutlet from the combustion recess in' the piston; an electrical igniter in a cavity in the valve seat port in the combustion reccss, adapted to ignite other than coal dust and air mixtures while engine is starting: a compound cylinder structure embracing the pistonand movable upon it, one end of the cylinder structure closed by a cylinder head cross-hem]; pivotally connected to it and the power Wheel andshait and adapted to move in guidcs in the frame and actuate it; theothcr cylinder head flanged and ribbed for radiation and covered on its inner face by a carbon or similar fireresistin surface adapted to attain and maintain incandescence and a cylindrical inulti-chainbered and niulti-parted water-cooled valve, with ports adapted to register and co-act during the valves rotation with the ports in the piston and valve seat; and chain gearing whereby the valve is caused to revolveactuating the electrical igniter and causing the valve to receive in its compartments the fuel charges of coal dust mixture pumped into the compression recess of the piston and transfer them under compression into the combustion pistonrecess where they are projected and ignited against the incandescent cylinder head facing and heated piston recess walls expanding during work stroke to be afterward expelled stroke through the ports in the piston, valve and frame.

8. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a frame substantially V shaped in design its arms projecting at right angles; a footed baseyformed in halves and adapted to separate on lines parallel with its during the exhaust arms; a pair of counterbalanced flywheels connected to shafts and to acrank pin com- "111011 to both fly wheels; pitmen connecting the crank p n and a pair of engine structures mounted in the frame arms; the engine structures substantially duplicates, each comprising a compound cylinder structure to which one. of the crank pin connecting rods-is pivotally connected by a wrist pin in the cylinders head and a piston; the cylinder liead'adapted to slide in guides in the frame and cause the attached cylinder structurn to reciprocate on the divided-action piston which it embraces; the piston stationarily held in the"frame by a; trunnion valve seat extending from its sides; a partition or solid part near the center of the piston separating chambers or recesses in its ends; and through which partition the valve seat passes; annular spaces between the piston and recess walls for circulation Ofcooling water; packing rings and grooves near the upper'end of the piston; ports through' the partition connecting the recess and valve seat; an ignition cavity located in one of the ports; a. branched gas passage leading from the valve seat into the ign tion cavity;

the inlet and outlet of cooling medium in to the supply port; water connections for the piston and valve; a tapered valve located in the piston valve seat and carrying a chain gear by which it is rotated from the shaft; a safety pin passing through the gear and the valve shank adapted to cut off or shear off under undue strain; a bevel gear,

attached to the chain gear and adapted to drive a gear upon the igniter; a ball-bearing carried on the-valve seat for the valve chain wheel adapted to take the. pull of the chainf'rom the valve seat; chambers within the valve, and internal spaces between the valve chambers for cooling water, ports through the valve surface into the chambers and the internal cooling spaces; ports in the valve surface adapted to form a connecting passage for the oil fuel and co-act with the ports in the piston and the valve seat and an ignition surface located upon the inner surface of the upper cylinder head and adapted to perfect the combustion of inflammable mixtures projected against it from the valve.

combination of a frame, a shaft, a fiy wheel on the shaft, a compound cylinder structure, a crank connecting the. shaft with said cylinder structure, a piston, saidv cylinder being .reciprocable and the piston stationary, the

piston having; a trunnion-valve seat extending from its sides, a partition. or solid part near the center of the piston separating it into chambers, said partition havingports connecting the chambers and valve seat, an ignition cavity located in one of theports, a l'lIZlIlCl'lE-(l gas passage leading from the valve seat into the i gnitiou cavity, an igniter located in the cavity and adapted t6 operate as the engine rotates, a pipe for liquid fuel adapted to discharge through the cavity into the port in which it is located, said pipe leading from a source of supply into the valve seat and thence into the cavity,'said valve seat having supply and exhaust ports, a carbureting device adapted to be connected to the supply port, a valve located in the piston valve seat adapted to be rotated from said shaft, .said valve having chambers therein and ports adapted to form a connecting passage for the liquid fuel and to coact, with the ports in thepiston and valve seat for measuring the amount of liquid fuel introduced, and an ignition surface located.

upon the inner surface of. the cylinder head for perfecting the combustion of inflammable mixtures proyected against it from the valve.

my hand, in the fuel supply inlet and exhaust outlet, an igniti on cavity in one of the piston ports adapted to receive an igniter, a-piston ha mg a passage leading from the valve seat to the ignition cavity, a compound cylinder structure embracing and entering the piston and slid-able upon it, introverted cylinderheads at its ends adapted to enter the piston recesses alternately as the cylinder is recipr rocated, a valve located in the valve seat in the fixed piston, means for rotating the valve, said valve having partitions dividing it into separate compartments, an igniter, means by which the igniter is actuated by the rotation of the valve, and means whereby the suction and the compression are effected in one piston recess while ignition, ex.

pansion and exhaust are sii'i'iultaneously effected 1n the other piston recess. 9. In an internal combustion engine, the

111 The combination in an internal combustion engine of an engine frame, a tWo faced piston held fixedly in said frame, a

valve seat or trunnion. extending transversely from the sides of said piston, the

- haust in the other end.

12. In an intefnal combustion engine the combination of a piston and. cylinder rela-.

tively reciprocable, each, havingtwo relatively lived parts of different diameters, the

. two parts of the piston being spaced apart,

a chambered valve located in the space-between said parts, meansfor compressmgfl a piston having recessed ends and ports lead;-

charge in the smaller of said two parts and.

forcing 'it into a chamber of said valve, means for turning the valve to allow the COIl'IPTQSSQd charge to enter the larger of said parts, and means for thereafter igniting it in saidla-rger part.

In testimony whereof lhave hereunto set presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES ViUilZLACE TYGARD. Witnesses:

CYRIL RA(7EWELL, CHAS. R. Rri'oninn. 

